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==== Notes Aare ====
Landscape degeneration is a phenomenon at planetary scale. Some see this century as the age of ecological regeneration; bringing areas back to life, with the return of water, vegetation and all manner of organisms re-appearing. This would be 'The Great Work' for humanity. But are humans best suited for all aspects of this task? This lab proposes to push the narrative beyond human-centric perspectives. Could landscapes engage in self-regeneration if they form alliances with the right technologies? What would such systems entail?\\
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This lab brings together field-workers and field-thinkers from the environmental ‘avant-garde’ who work at the level of community, technology data to design and develop actual applications of autonomous agents in regenerative ecological practice.

=== Existing resources on location: ===
  * mineral content
  * sunlight
  * atmosphere
  * latent seed stock? (typically desert flora can go dormant for extensive periods, but this is man made desert so how vital is the latent seed stock?)

=== Lacking: ===
  * rain
  * water retention
  * organic matter in soil
  * soil retention (erosion)
  * microclimates
  * economy
  * infrastructure (electricity, etc)

=== Techniques ordered in sequence: ===
  * condensation (water harvesting, shadow) > **out**: pioneering vegetation
  * ditches or 'contour ridges' (increase geodiversity) > **out**: water retention, erosion, microclimates, hydrologic corridors, ‘housing’ for ground dwelling fauna)
  * biodegradable 'waterboxx' to grow trees (Pinus silvestris)
  * mucuva: seeding an area with biodiverse mix of local species (increases tree diversity from 160 to over 2000 species per hectare initially and over 5000 after a decade)
  * refugia (at large scale) vegetation pockets in the most favourable areas that serve as basecamps to grow from
  * assisted migration (zoochory) > **out**: dramatically speeds up regeneration
  * assisted evolution?? (like Cobalt-60 exposure)

=== Second phase techniques: ===
  * transplantation ecology (disperse topsoil samples) **out**: dramatically speeds up regeneration
  * structural complexity enhancement (jump towards late-successional diversity) knock over some of the trees and expose roots, strip bark from some of the trees to create snags (standing dead trees) breaking up canopy cover, make piles of branches, or somehow bring in heavy longs from elsewhere > **out**: creates habitat for insects, birds, mammals, amphibians that mitigate disease, pests and renewed space for pioneering vegetation and the associated wildlife
  * atmospheric water cycle: canopy cover starts to work as an atmospheric moisture pump (near coast or on mountain side)
  * establish forestfire corridors

=== Niches: ===
  * primary trophic layer > pioneering vegetation / foundation species > annuals and algae > **in**: water / **out**: mine and accumulate available nutrients, create biomass, water retention, microclimates
  * secondary trophic layer > insects, small herbivores > **in**: ‘accommodation’ / **out**: pollination, trophic 
  * third trophic layer > birds, carnivores > **in**: canopy or shrubbery / **out**: pest mitigation, zoochory (seed dispersal, microbe dispersal, nutrient dispersal)

  * foundation species: a strong role in structuring a community (grass, trees, kelp, ants)
  * indicator species (as a way of analysing system health) lichen
  * keystone species: high regulatory impact in relation to its abundance (often predators) wolf, wild boar,
  * nuisance species: that tend to discourage human occupation: leech, hogweed, mosquito
  * hyper-acumulators (in case of toxins in the ecosystem) tuberous plants


=== Pioneering (early successional) vegetation: ===
  * first stage: algae and annuals (herbs)
  * second stage: shrubs and first trees (contour hedge rows to maximise impact)
  * third stage: tree cover, nitrogen fixing trees: root deep, self seed, grow quickly, grow easily from cuttings (automated tree nursery)
(Essentially we're making a ‘vegetation forecast’)


=== Functional traits required: ===
  * shade giving
  * high water retention
  * deep rooted
  * fruit bearing (to attract more life)
  * high characteristic return time: rate at which a population recovers from disturbance
  * high jump dispersal: can cover long distances over inhospitable habitat in one generation (typically: seeds, insects, birds)
  * high speciation (allopatric)

=== Weaknesses of an establishing ecosystem: ===
  * low cryptic diversity (genepool)
  * low tipping point
  * low buffering capacity

=== Potential locations: ===
  * [[https://goo.gl/maps/VKA3926kXRF2|Albacete region in Spain]] (google maps)
  * [[http://thegreendeserts.com/news/plantation-of-the-projects-first-year-2011-203.html| potential tree species for Spain ]]

see also: [[environmental_machine_learning]]